No.9891
Intraspecific discrimination of animals based on external features (for example, color) Studies show that pigeons can be biased towards their relatives with a different color, especially in conditions of competition for resources.
Other examples:
Crows are more likely to attack relatives with abnormal color (for example, albino crows). Monkeys (macaques, chimpanzees) hierarchies are formed where individuals with rare color or physical differences become outcasts.
Weaver birds in Africa aggressively expel white-colored individuals from their colonies. Suspicion of "dissimilar": Color may be associated with genetic defects or diseases (for example, albinism reduces the survival rate of a pack). Coalitions: Animals unite with similar individuals to protect resources — this is an analogue of "group favoritism". If the majority of the group has a certain color, new generations adopt stereotypical behavior against those who are "different."
Intraspecific discrimination does not exist in all species of living creatures: For example, packs of wolves or lions do not divide their relatives by color (only if this does not interfere with hunt).
Intraspecific discrimination is more common in social animals:
Birds, primates, and some fish (such as cichlids) are prone to color discrimination.
There are analogues of group bias: Bees kill individuals with the "wrong" smell.
Arctic Fox (Vulpes lagopus): Inhabits the Arctic (Russia, Canada, USA:Alaska). In summer, it is dark brown, and in winter it turns white to disguise itself in the snow. If a red-haired individual appears among the Arctic foxes (due to mutation or hybridization with a red fox), relatives can react aggressively because such an animal unmasks the pack.
Melanists and albinos:
Common red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) have black-brown (for example, subspecies in North America) or white individuals. In the wild, they are sometimes driven out and make outcasts out of them because they violate their camouflage.
